•What are telecommunication ?
•This term refers to transmission of information over long distances using the telephone system , radio , TV , satellite or computer links. in the modern world , telecommucitaions mainly means transferring information from one PC to another via modem and phone lines ( or fiber optic cables ).
•What can you do with modem ?
•A modem is your computer’s link to external world.•What do you need to telecommunicate ?
•You just need PC ( or terminal ) , a modem connected to the computer and the telephone line , and communication software .
•Local bulletin boards
•Bulletin board system (BBS) are frequenly free because they are run enthusiasts and sponsored by user groups or small business. You can use BBS to download artwork, games and programs or you can paricipate in ongoing discussions. You can also upload ( send ) program.
•Online service provider
•To gain access to the internet you must first open an account with an internet sevice provider (ISP ) or commercial online service provider
Try to answer these questions
•1. How can a PC be connected to another computer ?
•2. What data communication systems can you think of ? make a list.
Observe the following words below and give description •Fax
•MODEM
•Concentrator
•Electronic mail ( e- mail )
•Teletext
•Internet service provider ( ISP )
•Comercial online service
SECURITY AND PRIVACY ON THE INTERNET
There are a lot of benefits from an open system like internet , but we are also exposed to hackers who break into computer system just for fun, as well as to steal information or propagate viruses. So how do you go about making online transactions secure ?
Security on the web
The question of security is crucial when sending confidential information such as credit card numbers. For example , consider the process of buying a book on the web. You have to type your credit card number into an order form which passes from computer to computer on its way to the online bookstore , if one of the intermediary computers is infiltrated by hackers, your data can be copied. It is difficult to say how often this happens , but it’s technically possible.
E – mail privacy
Similarly , as your e- mail message travels across the net, it is copied temporarily on many computers in between. This means it can be read by unscrupulous people who illegally enter computer systems.
Network security
Private networks connected to the internet can be attacked by intruders who attempt to take valuable information such as social security numbers , bank accounts or research and business reports.
Virus protection
Viruses can enter PC through files from disks ,the internet or bulletin board system, don’t open e-mail attachments from strangers and take care when downloading files from the web.
Try to answer these questions
1.Why security so important on the internet ?
2.What security features are offered by nescape Communicator and internet explorer ?
3.What security standard is used by most banks to make online transaction secure ?
4.How can we protected and keep our e-mail private ?
5.What method are used by companies to take internal networks secure ?
6.Which way can virus enter a computer system ?
7.What is a hacker ?
Senin, 28 April 2008
Computer
Language work
Look at the help box and then use the notes below to write a similar description of joy stick
Description function
The mouse was described like this :This is device for controlling the cursor and selecting items on the screen
For controlling describes what the mouse does (for + - ing )
There are several ways of describing function
for + - ing ( for controlling )
relative pronoun + verb ( which controls )
relative pronoun + is used + to + infinitive ( which/ that is used to control )
used + to + infinitive ( used to control )
input device
use : play games
the user takes hold of a lever to control / move the cursor a round the screen
Capture your favorite image
Scanners
What does scanner do ?
A Scanner converts texts or pictures into electronic codes that can be manipulated by the computer
In flatbed scanner , the paper with the image is placed face down on a glass screen similar to a photocopier . Beneath the glass are the lighting and measurement devices . once the scanner is activated , it reads the image as a series of dots and generates a digitized image that is sent to the computer and stored as a file . the manufacturer usually includes software which offers different ways of treating the scanned image. A color scanner operates by using three rotating lamps , each of which has a different colored filter: red , green and blue. The resulting three separate images are combined into one by appropriate software.
Try to answer these questions.
•What is scanner ? give a definition in your own word ?
•How does a colour scanner work ?
•What are dpi and JPEG stand for ?
•Language work : comparatives and superlatives ScanPress 800
The scanpress800 is self –calibrating. Flatbed scanner with 800 dpi of resolution . you scan from black and white to 24 bit colour. The package includes a hardware accelator for JPEG compression and decompression JPEG technology saave disk space by compressing images up to 50 1. in creating ScanPress 800 , the manufactures have chosen the highest technology to give the best scans with the least effort . it produce images with high colour definition and sharpness . and it comes with OCR software and Asope Photoshop, so you can maniplate all the images you capture . this is a fantastic machine you will love working with . and at only $ 1.037 it an excellent investment
Apart from catchly slogan and other persuasive techniques , advertisement often use the comparatives and superlatives of adjectives and adverbs. read the following examples from advertisement. What can you say from these examples about how comparatives and superlatives are formed?
1. .. only ten minutes faster
2. it couldn’t be cheaper
3. he manufactures have chosen the highest technology …..
4. the cleverest personal scanner
5. the most revolutionary computer peripheral...
6 the best scan with the best effort…
7. flatbed scanners are more accurate than….
8. now you can edit your documents more easily than ever and they will look better than
ever too with…..
Optical disks and drives
Optical disks can store information at much higher densities than magnetic disk. Thus, they are ideal for multimedia applications where images, animation and sound occupy a lot of disk space. Besides, they are not affected by magnetic fields. This means that they are secure and stable. There are various types of optical drives :*CD –ROM systems offer everything , from shareware programs to dictionaries and encylopedias, from mulltimedia databases to 3-D games, in fact , one CD-ROM disk (650 MB) can replace 300,000 page of text ( about 500 floppies ), which represent a lot of savings in distributing materials and corporate databases. In addition , CD – ROM drives can play music CDs while you work. Yet CD-ROM technology has one disadvantage : you cannot write anything onto a CD- ROM disk .
you can only, ‘read ‘ it , like a book
Optical disks can store information at much higher densities than magnetic disk. Thus, they are ideal for multimedia applications where images, animation and sound occupy a lot of disk space. Besides, they are not affected by magnetic fields. This means that they are secure and stable. There are various types of optical drives :*CD –ROM systems offer everything , from shareware programs to dictionaries and encylopedias, from mulltimedia databases to 3-D games, in fact , one CD-ROM disk (650 MB) can replace 300,000 page of text ( about 500 floppies ), which represent a lot of savings in distributing materials and corporate databases. In addition , CD – ROM drives can play music CDs while you work. Yet CD-ROM technology has one disadvantage : you cannot write anything onto a CD- ROM disk .
you can only, ‘read ‘ it , like a book
*CD-R and CD-RW .CD-R machines record on CD-R ( write –once) disks, allowing you to create and duplicate CDs. They are used to back up hard disk or to distributed and archive information.
In fact , these systems are the modern version of old WORM ( write once, read many ) disks. CD-RW machines hold CD-RW ( rewritable) disks that you can erase and re-use , just as you would do with a hard disk.
The future of optical storage is called DVD ( digital versatile disk) . a DVD – ROM can holds about 25 times an ordinary CD- ROM. For this reason ,it can store a large amount of multimedia however DVD- ROMs are ‘ read only ‘ device , to avoid this limitation companies also produce DVD rewritable drives.
Try to answer these questions
1.what kind of technology is used by CD- ROM disks and drives ?
2. what does ‘ CD – ROM’ stand for ?
3. how do you say these expressions in your language ?
compact disk CD- ROM disk drive
laser technology erasable optical disk
Discourse cohesion
Reference signals
Read these sentences and clauses and look back at the text . try to find out what the words in bold refer to
1.…… they are secure and stable….. ( line 3)
2. ….. which represents a lot of savings in distributing materials ( line 7)
3……. You cannot write anything onto a CD- ROM disks ( line 9)
4. you can only read it….. (line 10)
5…. CD-RW ( rewritable) disks that you can erase and re-use (line 15)
connectors and modifiers
look at the expressions in italics in these sentences
and clauses
1. thus, they are ideal for multimedia applications …..
2. beside, they are not affected by magnetics fields.
3. in addition, CD-ROM drives can play music CDs while you work
4. yet CD-ROM technology has one disadvantage…
5. for this reason , it can store a large amount of multimedia software…..
put each expression (1 to 5 ) into the right category : a,
b or c.
to show contrast
to explain causes and results
to add new ideas
Read the clues and complete the crossword
down
1. acronym for ‘ Local area network ‘(3)
2. opposite of indelible (8)
3. abbreviattion of high density or hard disk (2)
5. way of storing of a lot of information in removable form (9)
7. abbreviation of optical character recognition (3)
8. all disks must be initialiazed ‘ or …. When used for the first time (9)
9. indelible optical storage device : write once read many (4)
11. not cheap (9)
13. a flat circular surface used to hold computer data (4)
16. opposite of ‘ soft’ (4)
19 disk that holds music (2)
21 a thousand kilobytes (2)
Across
1. acronym for ‘light amplication by stimulated emission of radiation (5)
4. a microcomputer (2)
6. to write information on a disk, magnetic tape or film (6)
10. to record and keep for future use (5)
12. abbreviation of binary digits (3)
14. thousandth of second (11)
15. the type of computer with a 256 processor introduced by IBM in 1984(2)
17 . concentric ring marked on the surface of a disk is formatted ( 5)
18. prefix meaning ‘ very large ‘ or one thousand million (4)
20. read only memory (3)
22. the physical mechanism that accepts , reads and writes data on a disk (5)
The potential of using multimedia
Until now multimedia applications have been used mainly in the fields of information, training and entertainment. For example like lotus freelance and power point for windows to make business presentation .
Sound , Music and MIDI .
Sound is an important component of multimedia approach .
CD-ROM is more than just heavy metal
Between 80 and 90 percent of all multimedia applications are distributed on CD- ROM .
CD-ROM titles full of pictures , action and sound. Electronic encyclopedias integrate text, pictures and sound , and usually have a video section with full motion video window.
Recognizing file formats ( multimedia on the web )
•Web pages can contain different multimedia elements : text, graphics , sounds , video and animation. To identify the format or type of file , an extension ( a three letter suffix ) is usually added to the file name when it’s saved on disk.
•The most common text extensions are .txt,. doc, . htm (.html) graphics
•Graphics on the web can include pictures , photos , paintings , image – maps and button .
•The most common formats are .gif, and .jpg or jpeg.
Sound
•The internet is a great place to find and hear hit songs , movie soundtracks and recorded interviews. The most common format are these :
•. wav: wave files can be played with sound recorder included with windows
•.ra or .ram : files generated by real Audio, a plug in you can download from the web
•Video and animation
•You can see cartoon and movie clips on the web , but you need the appropriate software . video files are usually stored in : avi, .mov, and .mpg (mpeg)a formats.
Look at the help box and then use the notes below to write a similar description of joy stick
Description function
The mouse was described like this :This is device for controlling the cursor and selecting items on the screen
For controlling describes what the mouse does (for + - ing )
There are several ways of describing function
for + - ing ( for controlling )
relative pronoun + verb ( which controls )
relative pronoun + is used + to + infinitive ( which/ that is used to control )
used + to + infinitive ( used to control )
input device
use : play games
the user takes hold of a lever to control / move the cursor a round the screen
Capture your favorite image
Scanners
What does scanner do ?
A Scanner converts texts or pictures into electronic codes that can be manipulated by the computer
In flatbed scanner , the paper with the image is placed face down on a glass screen similar to a photocopier . Beneath the glass are the lighting and measurement devices . once the scanner is activated , it reads the image as a series of dots and generates a digitized image that is sent to the computer and stored as a file . the manufacturer usually includes software which offers different ways of treating the scanned image. A color scanner operates by using three rotating lamps , each of which has a different colored filter: red , green and blue. The resulting three separate images are combined into one by appropriate software.
Try to answer these questions.
•What is scanner ? give a definition in your own word ?
•How does a colour scanner work ?
•What are dpi and JPEG stand for ?
•Language work : comparatives and superlatives ScanPress 800
The scanpress800 is self –calibrating. Flatbed scanner with 800 dpi of resolution . you scan from black and white to 24 bit colour. The package includes a hardware accelator for JPEG compression and decompression JPEG technology saave disk space by compressing images up to 50 1. in creating ScanPress 800 , the manufactures have chosen the highest technology to give the best scans with the least effort . it produce images with high colour definition and sharpness . and it comes with OCR software and Asope Photoshop, so you can maniplate all the images you capture . this is a fantastic machine you will love working with . and at only $ 1.037 it an excellent investment
Apart from catchly slogan and other persuasive techniques , advertisement often use the comparatives and superlatives of adjectives and adverbs. read the following examples from advertisement. What can you say from these examples about how comparatives and superlatives are formed?
1. .. only ten minutes faster
2. it couldn’t be cheaper
3. he manufactures have chosen the highest technology …..
4. the cleverest personal scanner
5. the most revolutionary computer peripheral...
6 the best scan with the best effort…
7. flatbed scanners are more accurate than….
8. now you can edit your documents more easily than ever and they will look better than
ever too with…..
Optical disks and drives
Optical disks can store information at much higher densities than magnetic disk. Thus, they are ideal for multimedia applications where images, animation and sound occupy a lot of disk space. Besides, they are not affected by magnetic fields. This means that they are secure and stable. There are various types of optical drives :*CD –ROM systems offer everything , from shareware programs to dictionaries and encylopedias, from mulltimedia databases to 3-D games, in fact , one CD-ROM disk (650 MB) can replace 300,000 page of text ( about 500 floppies ), which represent a lot of savings in distributing materials and corporate databases. In addition , CD – ROM drives can play music CDs while you work. Yet CD-ROM technology has one disadvantage : you cannot write anything onto a CD- ROM disk .
you can only, ‘read ‘ it , like a book
Optical disks can store information at much higher densities than magnetic disk. Thus, they are ideal for multimedia applications where images, animation and sound occupy a lot of disk space. Besides, they are not affected by magnetic fields. This means that they are secure and stable. There are various types of optical drives :*CD –ROM systems offer everything , from shareware programs to dictionaries and encylopedias, from mulltimedia databases to 3-D games, in fact , one CD-ROM disk (650 MB) can replace 300,000 page of text ( about 500 floppies ), which represent a lot of savings in distributing materials and corporate databases. In addition , CD – ROM drives can play music CDs while you work. Yet CD-ROM technology has one disadvantage : you cannot write anything onto a CD- ROM disk .
you can only, ‘read ‘ it , like a book
*CD-R and CD-RW .CD-R machines record on CD-R ( write –once) disks, allowing you to create and duplicate CDs. They are used to back up hard disk or to distributed and archive information.
In fact , these systems are the modern version of old WORM ( write once, read many ) disks. CD-RW machines hold CD-RW ( rewritable) disks that you can erase and re-use , just as you would do with a hard disk.
The future of optical storage is called DVD ( digital versatile disk) . a DVD – ROM can holds about 25 times an ordinary CD- ROM. For this reason ,it can store a large amount of multimedia however DVD- ROMs are ‘ read only ‘ device , to avoid this limitation companies also produce DVD rewritable drives.
Try to answer these questions
1.what kind of technology is used by CD- ROM disks and drives ?
2. what does ‘ CD – ROM’ stand for ?
3. how do you say these expressions in your language ?
compact disk CD- ROM disk drive
laser technology erasable optical disk
Discourse cohesion
Reference signals
Read these sentences and clauses and look back at the text . try to find out what the words in bold refer to
1.…… they are secure and stable….. ( line 3)
2. ….. which represents a lot of savings in distributing materials ( line 7)
3……. You cannot write anything onto a CD- ROM disks ( line 9)
4. you can only read it….. (line 10)
5…. CD-RW ( rewritable) disks that you can erase and re-use (line 15)
connectors and modifiers
look at the expressions in italics in these sentences
and clauses
1. thus, they are ideal for multimedia applications …..
2. beside, they are not affected by magnetics fields.
3. in addition, CD-ROM drives can play music CDs while you work
4. yet CD-ROM technology has one disadvantage…
5. for this reason , it can store a large amount of multimedia software…..
put each expression (1 to 5 ) into the right category : a,
b or c.
to show contrast
to explain causes and results
to add new ideas
Read the clues and complete the crossword
down
1. acronym for ‘ Local area network ‘(3)
2. opposite of indelible (8)
3. abbreviattion of high density or hard disk (2)
5. way of storing of a lot of information in removable form (9)
7. abbreviation of optical character recognition (3)
8. all disks must be initialiazed ‘ or …. When used for the first time (9)
9. indelible optical storage device : write once read many (4)
11. not cheap (9)
13. a flat circular surface used to hold computer data (4)
16. opposite of ‘ soft’ (4)
19 disk that holds music (2)
21 a thousand kilobytes (2)
Across
1. acronym for ‘light amplication by stimulated emission of radiation (5)
4. a microcomputer (2)
6. to write information on a disk, magnetic tape or film (6)
10. to record and keep for future use (5)
12. abbreviation of binary digits (3)
14. thousandth of second (11)
15. the type of computer with a 256 processor introduced by IBM in 1984(2)
17 . concentric ring marked on the surface of a disk is formatted ( 5)
18. prefix meaning ‘ very large ‘ or one thousand million (4)
20. read only memory (3)
22. the physical mechanism that accepts , reads and writes data on a disk (5)
The potential of using multimedia
Until now multimedia applications have been used mainly in the fields of information, training and entertainment. For example like lotus freelance and power point for windows to make business presentation .
Sound , Music and MIDI .
Sound is an important component of multimedia approach .
CD-ROM is more than just heavy metal
Between 80 and 90 percent of all multimedia applications are distributed on CD- ROM .
CD-ROM titles full of pictures , action and sound. Electronic encyclopedias integrate text, pictures and sound , and usually have a video section with full motion video window.
Recognizing file formats ( multimedia on the web )
•Web pages can contain different multimedia elements : text, graphics , sounds , video and animation. To identify the format or type of file , an extension ( a three letter suffix ) is usually added to the file name when it’s saved on disk.
•The most common text extensions are .txt,. doc, . htm (.html) graphics
•Graphics on the web can include pictures , photos , paintings , image – maps and button .
•The most common formats are .gif, and .jpg or jpeg.
Sound
•The internet is a great place to find and hear hit songs , movie soundtracks and recorded interviews. The most common format are these :
•. wav: wave files can be played with sound recorder included with windows
•.ra or .ram : files generated by real Audio, a plug in you can download from the web
•Video and animation
•You can see cartoon and movie clips on the web , but you need the appropriate software . video files are usually stored in : avi, .mov, and .mpg (mpeg)a formats.
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